There are a number of different ways to measure exercise intensity, but using your max heart rate to create target training zones is the most common and reliable. Here’s a brief overview of how to calculate your max heart rate, along with a couple tips to help you better understand the limitations.
What is Max Heart Rate?
Your heart rate is measured as the number of times your heart beats per minute (bpm). Your resting heart rate is the measure of your heart rate at rest, which decreases as you get in better shape. Your max heart rate, on the other hand, is the maximum heart rate that you can attain that is based on your genetics. A high, or low max heart rate does not predict athletic performance, or even fitness level.
Why is Max Heart Rate important?
If you have a reasonable estimate of your Max Heart Rate, then you can create target training zones to help you improve your cardiovascular capacity and progress the intensity of your workouts. For example, if your max heart rate is 190 bpm, then I can give you a training plan that instructs you to run at 70% of your max heart rate for 30 minutes, or 133 bpm. So your target heart rate in this case is 133 bpm, which is a very useful benchmark for future workouts.
Max Heart Rate Calculations:
There are many different ways to try to estimate max heart rate that range from sub maximal exercise tests, extremely intense bouts of exercise, or simple calculations. For most people, it’s most practical to just use the calculations, then cross reference with empirical data from exercise.
Here are the two most common max heart rate calculations:
1) 220-Age
2) 206.9-(0.67*Age)
The 220-Age calculation is very popular because it’s easy and reasonably accurate for most people, while the other calculation was created in 2007 and is more accurate.
There’s a drawback, however, of these widely used calculations that few people understand. The standard deviation of the 220-age formula is + or – 12 bpm 1, and the other calculation has a standard deviation of + or – 7 bpm 2.
In case you never took calculus, or statistics, a standard deviation of + or – 12 bpm means that 66% of people are within 1 standard deviation of the max heart rate predicted by this 220-age formula, 90% of people are within 2 standard deviations (+ or – 24 bpm), and 95% of people are within 3 standard deviations (+ or – 36 bpm).
For example, let’s take a 35 year old man who has a max heart rate of 185 bpm predicted by the 220-age formula. Here’s how his max heart ranges would look:
1 standard deviation is 173-197 bpm (68% probability)
2 standard deviations is 161-209 bpm (95% probability)
3 standard deviations is 149-221 bpm (99.7% probability)
So, the point I’m trying to make is that these calculations work reasonably well for most people, but I think it’s important to cross reference these calculations with empirical data from when you’re wearing a heart rate monitor during exercise. I had one client who was 25 years old and a really athletic guy, but his max heart rate couldn’t have been above 165 bpm. He was part of the 10% of people who fall outside of 2 standard deviations predicted by the 220-age formula.
Cross Referencing Max Heart Rate Calculations
While we know these calculations are reasonably accurate, my suggestion is to wear a heart rate monitor when you go to the gym to workout. Keep an eye on your heart rate throughout your workout and see how you respond to various exercise intensities. If you are in pretty good shape, you can run on the treadmill for 15-20 minutes, than at the end really sprint hard for 1-2 minutes. Whatever your heart rate shows at the end of that sprint, add another 5 beats per minute and that’s a pretty decent estimate of your max heart rate.
Another even easier way is if you are breathing extremely hard during a workout so that you can’t even talk at all, you’re probably within 5-10 bpm of your max heart rate. For me, after a set of walking lunges with a lot of weight, my heart rate jumps through the roof and I’m pretty close to my max.
In future posts, I will go into more depth about how to use training zones to help you get leaner, and give you some sample cardio training workouts.
I think the tip of finding your max heart rate is critical to exercising with the greatest efficiency. By keeping your heart rate up during the entire training session you add an aerobic factor to weight training. Are there other benefits?
Hi Hank, I think time is another main benefit, aside from the cardio benefits. In addition, you more thoroughly work your muscles when you rest less between sets, so it’s a more effective strength training workout.
Both my husband and I are on Toprol, hypertensive medication, that lowers your heart rate. How do I configure my max heart rate with that???
Hi Catherine,
That’s a great question. In short, you should consult with your doctor as to what type and intensity of exercise is appropriate.
In your situation, I would not use the max heart rate training zones. I would use the “talk test”. If you are exercising and can talk, you are probably around 60% of your max heart rate. If you are starting to have trouble talking, you are probably around 70% of your max heart rate, which is most likely the upper end of an appropriate exercise intensity for you.
I also think this is a good method of tracking one’s exercise effectiveness, because it’s a clear and objective measure!
I always thought if you are unable to talk during your routine, you are working too hard. It was my understanding that the “talk test” was a guide to working out at the appropriate pace.
Thanks for this article, and especially for explaining how to empirically determine your max heart rate! The calculations give me a max of 188, but doing the run-20 sprint 2-minutes method, my heart monitor only showed 168 bpm, which would give me a max of around 173. This makes sense to me. My resting pulse rate has also always been unusually low, even before I started regular workouts. My doctor said this is probably just because my heart and lungs are a little larger than average for someone my size.
@ Sadie – Happy the article was helpful for you! Thanks for leaving a comment, which I’m sure will be of interest to other readers.
i’ve been finding over the last two months my heart rate goes to just above 200[221 the highest] after about 2 minutes then settle back at about 180 for the next 90 minutes if i’m running about 14 miles. i usually do 65 minutes of close to 85% max rate cardio on the treadmill about 5 times a week and stay at 165 and slowly rise to 175 during the hour. my resting pulse is about 48 bpm
This website is also useful
http://onlineheartrate.com/
Just tap the space bar whenever you feel a beat and it will automatically calculate your BPM.
Interesting article. Could you explain how you got to those percentages (66%, 90% & 95%)? Didn’t study the math ^^;
Thanks!
@iul – that’s just statistics, the bell curve. I didn’t come up with them per se. Here’s and article on the bell curve.
Hi Marc,
I have a quick question, it not about the hear rate though.
I understand that cutting and bulking at the same time isn’t literally possible but do yuo recommend doing HIIT while bulking (after weight training)
thanks in advance
@Jim – Yes, I do. HIIT is anabolic.
Yes